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We now face two problems with continuous computations:
1. Applying operations on logical qubits. Applying operations on encoded qubits would only be possible by decoding - applying - encoding again. Not optimal. Also errors can happen in decode encode.
2. Operations on encoded qubits could introduce new more complex errors.
## Operations on logical/physical qubits
We begin by defining how to apply operations to encoded qubits:
![[Pasted image 20260806135601.png]]
![[Pasted image 20260806135610.png]]
## Fault tolerant Gates
Now we need to reduce our error probability.
![[Pasted image 20260806140451.png]]
To make this circuit fault-tolerant, we replace it with:
![[Pasted image 20260806140514.png]]
Let's look at a circuit for CNOT:
![[Pasted image 20260806140629.png]]
![[Pasted image 20260806140639.png]]
![[Pasted image 20260806140650.png]]